Hundred Flowers Campaign 1957
  • Mao invites criticism:
    • freedom of expression to those who might wish to comment constructively on how well Communist China was achieving its aim of turning the nation into a proletarian state
  • Hundred Flowers campaign was replaced by an anti rightist movement; those who had been foremost in responding to the campaign were now forced to retract their statements
    • Zhou Enlai was obliged to make a humiliating self-criticism in front of the party gathering (Mao showing that nobody no matter how prominent his position was beyond investigation and criticism)

Differing Opinions on the Hundred Flowers Campaign
  • Lee Feigon: Mao was genuinely seeking criticism
    • Mao was genuine in his original appeal but was not tolerant
  • Jonathan Spence argues that the campaign was a result of contradictory thinking among the CCP leaders; muddle inconclusive movement from the conflicting attitudes within the CCP leadership
  • Jung Chang argues that Mao's reversed policy was proof that the campaign was a trick
    • A deliberate a manoeuvre by Mao to bring his critics into the open so they could be easily exposed, identified and removed.